Semester 4 Presentation.

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Paper 15.Mass Communication and Media Studies...


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Paper 14 (The African Literature)Explain Title waiting for Barbarians with reference to waiting For Gotod. 

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Paper 13 (The New Literature) character of balram

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Meaning Of Mass Media and Its Importance

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Meaning Of Mass Media and Its Importance

Maharaja Krishnakumarsihji Bhavnagar University.

Department Of English

Name: Baldaniya Vanita

Class: M. A. Part-2

Paper: 15- Mass Communication and Media Studies.

Guidance By: Parth Bhatt

“Meaning of Mass Media and Its Importance”.

              “Mass Media, sociology of a medium is a means of communication such as print, radio, or television. The mass media are defined as large- scale organizations which use one or more of these technologies to communicate with large number of people.”

DEFINITION OF MASS MEDIA:

       The mass media means of communication that reach large numbers of people in a short time, such as television, newspapers, magazines, and radio, the means of communication, as television and newspapers that reach great number of people.

       The mass media is a diversified collection of media technologies that reach a large audience via mass communication. The technologies through which this communication takes place include a variety of outlets.

       Broadcast media transmit information electronically, via such media as film, radio recorded music, or television. Digital media comprises both Internet and mobile mass communication. Internet media comprise such services as email, social media sites, websites, and internet- based radio and television.

       Many other mass media outlets have an additional presence on the web, by such means as linking to or running TV ads online, or distributing QR. Codes in outdoor or print media to direct mobile users to a website. In this way, they can utilize the easy accessibility and outreach capabilities the internet affords, as thereby easily broadcast information throughout many different regions of the world simultaneously and cost- efficiently.

        Outdoor media transmit information via such media as advertising, billboards, blimps, flying billboards placards or kiosks placed inside and outside of buses, commercial buildings, shops, sports stadiums, subway cars, or trains, signs, or sky-writing.

       Print media transmit information via physical objects, such as books comics, magazines, newspapers, or pamphlets. Event organizing and public speaking can also be considered forms of mass media.

       Mass media is the means that are used to communicate to the general public. In this lesson, you will learn the different platforms for mass media and the influence that mass media has on society.

WHAT IS MASS MEDIA?

       Think about this for a second: whenever you want to hear your favourite song, watch your favourite show, or see the latest current events, where do you go? You more than likely turn on your television, radio, or computer. The source that the majority of the general public uses to get their news and information from is considered mass media.

       Mass media means technology that is intended to reach a mass audience. It is the primary means of communication used to reach the vast majority of the general public. The most common platforms for mass media are newspapers, magazines, radio, television, and the Internet. The general public typically relies on the mass media to provide information regarding political issues, social issues, entertainment, and news in pop culture.

       The mass media has evolved singingly over time. Have you ever wondered how the latest news and information was communicated in the past? Well, before there was the Internet, television, platform for mass media.  For a long period of time, the public relied on writers and journalists for the local newspapers to provide them with the latest news in current events.

       Centuries later, in the 1890’s, came the invention of the radio. The radio would soon supersede the newspaper as the most pertinent source for mass media. Families would gather around the radio and listen to their favourite radio station programs to hear the latest news regarding politics. Social issues, and entertainment.

Later on down the line came the invention of the television the television. The television would soon replace the radio for most relevant from of a mass media and has become a major tool for news outlets. Since the evolution of the internet, the general public is outlets in an instant with just a click of a mouse, instead of having to wait for scheduled programs.

Mass media is many different types of technologies that are meant to reach large audiences through communications. This type of media is one of the most used, mass media has become the main channel of communication that is used. This day and age most people rely on the news to be their source for voting and the everyday events.

       Competition is also very important in mass media, because the people in charge of the different type of mass media are having to compete for the views, and the people to listen and or read. Publishing companies and television companies are two different types of mass media.

       These types of mass media keep people up to date with events all around the world. They also help show the norms and let people see how they are supposed to act, or in some cases, show people negative ways of acting. 

Television,

 movies,

 CD’s,

 DVD’s 

radio,

and magazine,

 along with newspapers,

 are all example of print media, print media would not exist.

Mass media is what controls print media. Many mass media has a lot of internet presence, because of blogging and email services and averting. These are many different, but in reality it is impossible to sum up all the reasons that it is important. This is because it is one of those “priceless” subjects, without mass media the world would not be the same because people wouldn't have access to the sources of information that they do because of it.

Now a day’s mass media is daily and important necessity for people and we have a change to get full information which we want. Go without saying. We can’t imagine our life without mass media. Personally I almost every day watch the news by TV when I come home after lesson according to have my spare time. As a rule, radio is all time with me because it is not break in on me, especially I listen to the radio on the way and in the evening when I doing my lesson. I don’t often use the newspaper, because I prefer internet more than it.

Being of the time, internet is the most convenient and necessary for us. That’s why we get all information what we want in any time, even we can read the newspaper by internet, or can see all shows and news which is we couldn't see by TV. Besides I usually put on my clothes after know about weather forecast by internet, before go to study. So internet is the most indispensable for me and, I prefer it  than other source.

Media is one of the most useful essence of human life. We speak of mass media of media revolution and of living in a media society. We are overloaded with all these letters sounds and films, pixels, headlines, jingles. When we use the term media in this context we speak of print and electronic media, the so called mass media. Media affect our modern life in nearly every way. With a turn of a magazine page or an easy flip of the TV channel there at our disposal is a huge array of potential identity replicas. In contemporary society  identity of continuously unstable; it must be selected, constructed and created with reference to inevitable surrounding media traditions.

       There are a variety of medium from which people can pick and access information from such as radio, TV, Internet, or even cell phones. Consequently, the media holds a very powerful capacity to set a social issue for mass audience to assume and talk about. Often, media do not intentionally set the agenda and resolve the pros and cons of that particular matter, so it repeatedly causes terrible consequences towards public as well as establishes ‘moral panics’, which can sometimes direct to mob violence. This writing will argue that identity is a social construction, managed primarily by the contemporary media and created relation.

       An individual’s identity is formed by society in which media plays a predominant role. There is a daily interactive relationship between the subject and the object, that is, human agents and the conditions of their subsistence respectively. Theories of the individual emphasize on difference between people and deem these differences as natural. Individuals are “constituted” as the possessors of positions throughout the effects of social relations.

       Alternatively, other theories of the topic concentrate on people’s general experiences in society through watching TV, surfing the internet or reading the newspaper. It is these general experiences that are the most significant way of distinguishing who we are.

       Thus, subject identity is a social construction, not an ordinary one, when we cannot with the media, we act and are acted upon, use and are used by the system. The following text deals with the importance of media to politics and society.

       Media is the most powerful tool of communication. It helps promoting the right things on right time. It gives a real exposure to the mass audience about what is right or wrong. Even though media is linked with spreading fake news like a fire, but on the safe side, it helps a lot to inform us about the realities as well.

Character of Okonkwo hero of Things for Apart.

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Character of Okonkwo

Assignment

Topic: Character of Okonkwo.

Maharaja Krishnakumarsinhji Bhavnagar University.

Department of English

2015-2016

Baldaniya Vanita

Roll No: 29

Class: M. A. Part-2

Subject: The African Literature

              Paper No: 14

Guidance by: Prof. Dr. Dilip Barad

Character of Okonkwo hero of Things for Apart.

       “The protagonist of Things Fall Apart, Okonkwo is also considered a tragic hero. A tragic hero holds a position of power and prestige, chooses his course of action, possesses a tragic flaw, and gains awareness of circumstances that led to his fall.”

       Okonkwo an influential clan leader in Umuofia. Since early childhood, Okonkwo’s embarrassment about his lazy, squandering, and effeminate father.  Unoko, has driven him to succeed. Okonkwo’s hard work and prowess in war have earned him a position of high status in his clan, and he attains wealth sufficient to support three wives and their children. Okonkwo’s tragic flaw is that he is terrified of looking weak like his father.

       As a result, he behaves rashly bringing a great deal of trouble and sorrow upon himself and  his family. Okonkwo, the son of the effeminate and lazy Unoko, strives to make his way in a world that seems to value manliness. In so doing, he rejects everything for which he believes his father stood. Unoka was idle, poor, profligate, cowardly, gentle, and interested in music and conversation.  

       Okonkwo consciously adopts opposite ideals and becomes productive, wealthy, thrifty, brave, violent, and adamantly opposed to music and anything else that he perceives to be “soft”, such as conversation and emotion.  He is stoic to a fault.

       Okonkwo achieves great social and financial success by embracing these ideals. He marries three women and father several children. Nevertheless, just as his father was at odds with the values of the community around him, so too does to changing times as the white man comes to live among the Umaofians. As it because evident that compliance rather than violence constitutes the wisest principle for survival, Okonkwo realizes that he has become a relic, no longer able to function within his changing society.

       Okonkwo is a tragic hero in the classical sense: although he is a superior character, his tragic flaw the equation of manliness with rashness, anger, and violence brings about his own destruction. Okonkwo is gruff, at times, and usually enable to express his feelings. But his emotions are indeed quite complex as his “manly” values conflict with his “unmanly” ones, such as fondness for Ikemefuna and Ezinma.

       The narrator privileges us with information that Okonkwo’s  Fellow clan members do not have that Okonkwo surreptitiously follows Ekwefi into the forest in pursuit of Ezinma, for example and thus allows us to see the tender, worried father beneath the seemingly indifferent exterior.   

       As an uncompromising man’s man, Okonkwo’s relationship towards his family is one of complete dictatorship. His three wives are there to serve him food and raise his children. By seeing them as his subjects, Okonkwo can justify his brutal behavior against them. He can beat his wives without guilt.

       He can threaten Ekwefi with a gun when she talks back. He can rebuke Nwoye for listening to old wives’ tales. This sense of okoership is exemplified when Okonkwo takes Ikemefuna’s life. Though he does have qualms about killing Ikemefuna, they are not qualms about whether or not he has the right to do it. Okonkwo feels complete ownership over his family.

       There is, however, the problem of love and intimacy. Okonkwo rarely shows there aspects of himself since him but the emotion soft and feminine but the emotions are there nonetheless. The fact that he lies to Ikemefuna to protect the boy from fear and later feels quilt about killing him are proof of that Okonkwo isn’t devoid of positive human emotions.

       But, whenever ther is a clash between showing true emotion and maintaiing the show of his strength, Okonkwo will always gowith the latter.

       This doesn’t mean that Okonkwo never admits he is wrong more than anything. Okonkwo tries to fellow the laws of the clan. Whenever he breaks them- either deliberately through a loss of temper of inadventently as in shooting the boy- he never questions the punishments brought upon him.

       Okonkwo abides by his punishment whether or not he thinks they are fair. This is one way of maintaining his honor and reputation. He reads the laws literally. Unlike his father who bent the rules and tried to circumvent certain aspects of the law.

       Thus we come to one of the central conflicts in the novel. THE DIVIDE BETWEEN Okonkwo’s personal pride and the actions forced on him by the external social laws of the Umuofia. His final act of suicide is the ultimate demonstration of things falling apart because it is the first and only time that Okonkwo Purposefully and calculatedly breaks the clan laws.

       As a character, Okonkwo remains pretty consistent throughout the book, we seen no sudden changes in behavior or mindset; in fact, that may be Okonkwo’s problem, his inability to adapt or compromise his ethics to changing situations that call for more tolerance or compassion. Okonkwo, whose sense of pride and dignity continues until the end. Chooses to live and die on his own terms rather than submit to the white man. For Okonkwo, giving in would be against so much of what he has stood for courage, tradition, and manliness.

       Okonkwo is also considered a tragic hero. A tragic hero holds a position of power and prestige, chooses his course of action, possesses a tragic flaw, and gains awareness of circumstances that led to his fall. Okomkwo’s tragic flaw is his fear of weakness and failure. In his thirties. Okonkwo is a leader of the lgbo community of Umuifia, Achebe describes

….. him as “tall and huge” with “bushy eyebrows and wide nose him a very severe look”.

       When Okonkwo walks, his heels barely touch the ground, like he walks on springs, “as if he going to pounce on somebody”. Okonkwo “stammers slightly” and his breathing is heavy.

       Okonkwo is renowned as a wrestler, a fierce warrior, and a successful farmer of yams. He has three wives and many children who live in huts on his compound. Throughout his life, he wages a never ending battle for status; his life is dominated by the fear of weakness and failure. He is quick to anger, especially when dealing with men who are weak, lazy debtors like his father.

       However, Okonkwo over compensates for his father’s womanly ways, of which he is ashamed, because he does not tolerate idleness or gentleness. Even though he feels inward affecting at times. He never portrays affection toward anyone. Instead, he isolates himself by exhaling anger through violent, stubborn, irrational behavior. Okonkwo demands that his family work long hours despite their age or imitated physical stamina, and he nags and beats his wives and son Nwoye, who Okonkwo believes is womanly like his father, Unoka.

`okonkwo is impulsive; he acts before he thinks. Consequently, Okonkwo offends the lgbo people and their traditions as well as the gods of his clan. Okonkwo is advised not to participate in the murder of Ikefemuna, but he actually kills Ikefemuna because he is “afraid of being thought weak”.

       When the white man brings Christianity to Unuofia, Okonkwo is opposed to the new ways. He feels that the changes the require compromise and accommodation two qualities that Okonkwo finds intolerable. Too proud and inflexible, he clings to traditional beliefs and mourns the loss of the past.

       When Okonkwo rashly kills a messenger from the British district office, his clansmen back away in fear; he realizes that none of them support him and that he can’t save his village from the British colonists. Okonkwo is defeated. He commits suicide, a shameful and disgraceful death like his father’s.

       Okonkwo plays a major role in the novel and is projected as a heroic figure and a wrestler who is constantly at war with others. With his ‘chi’ his legacy of his father whom he despises, his own character and finally, with the white man. Okonkwo’s world consists of the nine villages from Umuofia to Mbaino and areas outside of these boundaries have little significance to him, belonging simply to that vague realm “beyond”. He gives a lot of importance to personal achievments bring honor to the village which in turn emphasized the close tie between the individual and society.

       Yet Okonkwo has his weakness and it is these weaknesses that ultimately destroy the life he has created for himself. His self-determination is not only controlled by internal but external forces as well.

       His impulsive and rash nature makes him break the rules of the sacred week of peace. It is his carelessness that results in his banishment from his village for seven years, and finally, it is again his fiery and rash temper which pushes him to kill a white man and consequently pushes him to take his own life.

       Okonkwo is a man who has grown up in a community that, because of its passionate desire for survival, places its faith in the individual quality of ‘manliness’. And it is an irony of fate that makes him start off with a disadvantage. On this score- the failure of his father that compels him to an excessive adherence of the social code. This transforms every positive value that he has to into a weakness.

       Also, he pursues achievement with an obsessive single mindedness that eventually degenerates into egocentricity. He thus, virtually flounders through his life, with the minor problems. Which instead of strengthening him, carry him to a point of dissolution. The novel reflects this degeneration with respect to the traditional African way of life, Hence the title of the novel. “Things Fall Apart”.

      

Children Literature and Harry Potter.

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Children Literature and Harry Potter.

Maharaja Krishnakumarsinhji Bhavnagar University.

Name: Baldaniya Vanita

Class: M. A. Part-2

Roll No: 29

Paper No: 13

                     The New Literature.

Guidance By: Prof. Dr. Dilip Barad.

Harry Potter by J. K. Rowling 

Children’s Literature and Harry Potter:

       First of all what is Children Literature:

Children Literature is good quality trade books for children’s from birth to adolescence, covering topics of relevance and interested to children of those ages, through prose and poetry, fiction and non-fiction.

       Harry Potter is children’s books some people might suggest “children’s books” but it is doubtful that they are right because Harry Potter books appeal to many children. But is children’s books really a genre of literature apart from pre-school fantasy books.

       Harry Potter is children’s detective stories, children’s handicraft books, children’s adventure stories and children’s fantasy books, just like there encyclopaedias, detective stories, and fantasy books for adults and many are suitable for both age groups.

       Perhaps a detective story for children is not as complicated as one for adults but it is likely that the child who loves such stories will grow into an adult who loves the same only on a higher level. But we cannot classify Harry Potter primarily as children’s books but as fantasy literature perchance on a “tower” level than other works of its kind, but still part of the same genre.

       Harry Potter is interesting books but every part is gives moral lesson to us. For Example:

 Sweet layer on bitter pill. Same children literature is for children but deep satire on society also. Harry Potter is imaginative fiction depended for effect on strangeness of setting (such as other worlds or times, and of character and of character (such as supernatural of unnatural beings).

       In children’s literature generally hero is in green shied it means hero is child and they have immature, innocence, trustworthy, undoubting, and hero’s opposite villain is more mature. When children watch a movie that   time they have look only picture and listen dialogue of movie and enjoy only but children are not analysis about movie but when adults are watch a movie that time they have analysis is mud blood, muggle etc. and everything that when time they have watch movie so that is different aspect of children books or movie and also adults.

              Harry Potter is horror books and fully imagination and fantasy books but children enjoy a lot and one more things that whenever children literature wrote that time write centre of ending of any work form that is any story is horror is happy that is children literature. So Harry Potter is horror books, but fantastic books so children are like Harry Potter books.

       In Harry Potter not only fantasy or imaginative books but with so many realistic things are there in books. That is love, relationship, friendship, society people, emotional so many things are there in Harry Potter. Harry’s love with his mother, Ron and Hermione and Harry’s friendship with each other.

 Harry’s relation with society people and his Uncle and emotional to each other that is true aspect of reality in human life and in Harry Potter books

       I have say something about children literature that children literature is not only horror literature and not fully fantastic story of literature but many character through writer say something about social reality and status in society people in society.

For Example:

!1) David Copperfield

              By- Charles Dickens

2) Oliver twist

              By- Charles Dickens

3) The Blue Umbrella

              

By- Ruskin Bond.

       

This all are children literature work but that is not horror or fully fantastic books. But in the work character is small girls or boys and villain is big or elder. For example: Oliver Twist: Oliver is small hero younger the 9 year old but his opposite villain is Fagin 25 years old that same thing in David Copperfield, David is small boy but school master id also old.

        In ‘the blue umbrella’s Binya’s character is small but shopkeeper is old man so writer choose this type of character in books or works because small boy or girl struggle in her/his life so children are surprise that in trouble time hero or heroine character are struggle in small age.

       Ruskin Bind is children literature writer and his work is easy way wrote and use simple language but give the moral lesson in  human being and symbolized that child is innocent and immature than why child struggle a lot in they have life. Orphan child is accept punishment of his/her father Oliver Twist is orphan child but that is not Oliver’s mistake but he struggle a lot in society people.

       Ruskin Bond is primarily known for his children stories. He is in fact, the pioneer of modern children literature writer in India. The rise of new children’s literature is partly due to the breakdown of the traditional family set up, when kids often, listened to oral,

“Story by grandparents: The rise of media entertainment and tide communications

Also has contributed to the popularity of children’s literature. Bond has captivated his young readers by the charm and freshness traditional as well as modern.”

       Bond’s character are portrayed in almost all the stories just as real life characters. Bond believes that a writer should be responsible to society and man. He is neither a propagandist more philosopher. His fiction is reflect with human value and universal appeal. A. C. Word’s opinion about the fiction can be applied to Bond’s fictional world:-

“It is not a fairy tale or wholly and solely means of relation, a harmless opiate for, vacant hours and vacant minds.”

       In ‘The Blue Umbrella’ Bond fabricated a simple unambitious innocent world. His characters struggle hard for their survival. His characters are also lively embodiments of the magnetite of his soul.

       In the ‘Oliver Twist’ Oliver’s mother dies after the birth of her child in a workhouse. The infant’s father is unknown, and the orphan is placed in a private Juvenile home. After nine years of mistreatment, the boy is returned to the workhouse for even more abuse. After representation his fellow sufferers in an attempt to get more food, Oliver is punished and is apprenticed to sower berry, an undertaker. Oliver is innocent boy but other people are do work of Oliver that criminal type so Oliver struggle a lot in small age.

       Oliver is innocent person. He was a hunger boy so he says of house master that “get a more” and work house man punishment give of Oliver but question that why not give more and not give more but what his mistake so workhouse man give the punishment.

       In David Copperfield also the ‘Oliver Twist’ type to story. David is small boy but fighting with society people and Oliver, David etc. small character fight with society and struggle a lot so children like this type to books.

       Harry is struggle a lot in his life and fight with magical power is Voldemort and so many trouble and adventure passes in his small life and always he fight again society and magical power but that time Hermione and Ron support a lot of Harry. Also Dumbledore support so Harry fight with Voldemort.

       I give some example of Serial or movie that children like.

Movie: Krish

              Saktiman

              Bal Ganesha

Serial: Balveer

              Sonpari

              Chota Bheem etc.

       So, that all movie and serial like a children because in this movie or serial hero or heroine is small child but struggle a lot and fight with magical power so that is fantastic but children like that. That is children Literature.

       ‘Harry Potter’ is a children literature work but adults person also like ‘Harry Potter’ because a serious of many genres, including fantasy, drama, coming of age and the British school story. Which includes elements of mystery, thriller, adventure, horror and romance. It has many cultural meaning and reference. According to Rowling, the main theme is death, there are also many other themes in the series, such as prejudice, corruption, and madness.

       The novels revolve around Harry Potter, an orphan who discovers at the age of eleven that he is a Wizard, though he lives in the ordinary world of non-magical people known as Muggles. The Wizarding world has hidden from the Muggle world, presumably to avoid persecution of witches and Wizards, which had occurred to a great extent several centuries before. His magical ability is inborn, and children with such abilities are invited to attend an exclusive magic school that teaches the necessary skill to succeed in the Wizardind world.

       Harry becomes a student at Hogwarts School of witchcraft and Wizardry, and it is here where most of the events in the series take place. As Harry develops through his adolescence, he learns to overcome the problems that face him:  Magical, social and emotional, including ordinary teenage challenges such as friendship, infatuation, romantic relationships, schoolwork and exams, anxiety, depression, stress, and the greater test of preparing himself for the confrontation in the real world that lies ahead, in Wizarding Britain’s increasingly- violent second Wizarding war.

       According to Rowling…”A major theme in the series is death, “My books are largely about death. They open with the death of Harry’s Parents. There is Voldemort’s obsession with conquering death and his quest for immortality  at any price, the goal of anyone with magic. I so understand why Voldemort wants to conquer death, were all frightened of it.”

      

Sem 3 Presentations

Semester 3 Presentations:
1) Paper 10: The American Literature: Psychological Study of Tell-Tale Heart by E.A. Poe

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2) Paper No. 12: ELT-1: Observation

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3) Paper No 11. Post Colonial  Literature. Post Colonial Term (Imperialism, Nationalism-Nation)


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4) Paper No:9 The Modernist Literature. (Universal Human Laws In The waste Land)

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Character of Old Man (Santigo)

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2015-2016

Name:   Baldaniya Vanita Velabhai

Semester: 3

Roll No: 29

Topic: Character of Old Man

Work: Assignment

paper: Course No: 10

The American Literature.

Date: 19/10/2015

Email id: vanitabaldaniya0806@gmail.com

Submitted by: Smt. S. B. Gardi,

Maharaja Krishnakumarsinhji Bhavnagar University.

Bhavnagar.

Department of English

Character of Old Man

               

The Old Man and The Sea

by- Ernest Hemingway

-1952

American Literature.

     Ernest Miller Hemingway was born on  July 21, 1899 in Oak park, a suburb of Chicago, Illinois. He spent much of his early life in the great lakes region, which provided the setting for his early stories. In the short time that Hemingway worked for THE KANSAS CITY star he learned some stylistic lessons that later influenced his fiction.  The newspaper advocated short sentences short paragraphs, active verbs, authenticity, compression, clarity and immediacy. Hemingway later said:

                                "Those were the best rules I ever

                                learned for the business of writing.

                                I've never forgotten them."

                His Famous work:

                1) men without women (1927)

                2)winner take nothing (1933)

                3) Death in the Afternoon (1932)

                4) The Green Hills of Africa (1935)

                5) Bell Tolls

                                The old man and the sea 1952, a parable novella about man's struggle against nature. Hemingway was awarded the noble prize in 1954, and wrote little thereafter. Having been seriously ill for some time , he shot himself on July, 2, 1961.

                                                                Santiago

                                "The Old man and the Sea " is title is a fisher man by trade. He bears the fitting name of Santiago. The word Santiago it literally mean, Saint James who was originally a fisherman living close to the sea of Galilee and subsequently become an apostle. Eventually he suffered martyrdom early one morning after months of bad fishing Luck, he rows out alone into the Gulf  stream near the Island of Cuba.

                                Towards noon of the first day, he hooks a gigantic Marlin for two days and two nights it pulls him in his boat far to the north word and the eastward while he hang  for dear life on to the heavy line, a human towing boat fishing a battle of endurance against the power of the fish on the third day, again nearly at noon, he succeeds in bringing the Marlin to the surface and killing it with his harpoon.

                                Since it is too large to be put  aboard, he lashes, it alongside his skiff and sets his small, patched sail for the long voyage home. Then one by one, two  by two and later in large numbers the sharks attack the dead Marlin. By the time the old man has reached his native harbor, there is nothing left of the Marlin except the skeleton, the phony head and the sail like tail.

                                He is a man of courage  tremendous  capacity for endurance and patience. He suffers and kills, and his suffering raises his stature. He freedoms a symbol of Christ in his  killing which causes him to suffer in his encounter with the Marlin , he shows his gallantry, skill, power of endurance and faces hunger and starvation for three days, He never loses  hopes

                                The old man has fought and struggle and there is glory in his suffering his image reminds us of the suffering of Christ Carlos Baker has remarked;-

"Santiago shows, it his own right, certain

qualities of mind and heart which are clearly

associated with the character and personality

of Jesus Christ in the Gospel stories. There

is the essential gallantry, a kind of military.....

There is the ability  to  ignore. Physical pain while

concern treating on the large of leet which is to be

achieved."

                The old man loses the battle he has won. He winners takes nothing but the sense of having fought the fight to the limits of his strength of having  shown what a man can, do when it is necessary. He is undefeated only because he has gone on trying.

                The warmth of our sympathy can be traced in part to the way in which the portrait of Santiago himself has been drawn. He was an old man the story begins;,

                                "Who fished alone in a skiff in the gulf

                        stream and he  had  gone eight four days

                        now without taking a fish. In the first

                        forty days a boy had been with him. But

                        after forty days without a fish the boy's

                            parents had told him that the old man was

                            definitely   and  finally salvo, which it the

                        worst from of unlucky, and the boy had

                        gone at their orders in another boat

                        which caught three good fish the first week..."

                Everything about him was old except  his eyes and they were the same color as the sea and were cheerful and undefeated.

                                Other qualities of Santiago deserve attention in this connection. They are Santiago's humanity, his natural piety and his compassion, His  humanity is of that well tested kind which can co exist pride.

"He was too simple to wonder when he had

attained humanity. But he know he know he

had attained it and he know it was not disgraful

and it carried no loss of true pride".

When  his own disciple, Monolin. Call him the best fisher man Santiago replies

;

"No I Know other better".

The boy then says;

"There are many good fisherman and

some great ones but there is only you".

To this the old man replies;

"Thanks you. you make me happy I

hope no fish will come along so great

that he will prove us wrong".

Although Santiago is often  jawed about his religion he is yet a pious old man. The piety appears in his  constant unquestioning awareness of a Supernatural power, at once outside and inside his personal struggle. His accessions to Christ   to God and to the virgin are never cates they are simple petitions request to a supposedly available source of strength of which he feels the need, for instance, the old man says,;

"I am not  religious , But I will say ten our

fathers and the tail narus   that I should

catch thing fish and I promise to make

a pilgrimage to the virgin do catch him that

is a promise."

                Some consider Santiago to be a biblical hero, and some find similar conditions between him and the Christ whatever we may say about him the fact remains that he ultimately comes nearer the Greek hero by virtue of his prowess and nobility. He knows that a man should fight to the last. He has last capacity to endure things pain  does not matter to him. He accepts his destiny as a fishfock very cheerfully. Perhaps he wouldn't like to exchange it. It with a Million ours. He is happy in spite of his being be sieved by the sharks. The old man may get awfully tired, but he keeps on dreaming for a life at sea. He dreams of the lions on the feathers in Africa.

                It means that he still is prepared to be on the sea, which is in his flood his ego 95 most resonantly very inflated. He   does not suffer a fall because of his pride, but because of the natural circumstances Santiago as a hero is marvelous . He is the most representative of the modern heroes in literature.

                 Hemingway in creating such  a character has again reaffirmed his belief in human dignity and manly fight against the odds in life.

                                "A man can be destroyed but not defeated".

                This is how Hemingway states his theme in this novel. And the theme is familiar to Hemingway readers familiar too is the remark ;" What a man can do and cannot a man endures".

                                This is the first time, in all Hemingway work that the code hero and the Hemingway hero become almost one Santiago represents the Hemingway hero having developed in to the code hero.

                                Story of old man and the sea and old man is struggling hero. He always not accept defeat. The story concern an old man who battles a giant Marlin for three days and nights. This novella was awarded the Pulitzer prize for  fiction in 1953. The old man  and the sea is picaresque novel. Picaresque means   when hero journey without heroin in novel that is picaresque  novel. So old man is also alone and he was journey without heroin so that   is picaresque novel.

                Old man are experience  people and very old and experience are more and more in his life so Ernest Hemingway choice old man hero in his novel. For example: Robinson Crusoe. Daniel Defoe write this  picaresque novel because Robinson also journey without heroin.

                Santiago is a protagonist  of the novel " The Old Man And The Sea" . Old man is fisherman and His knowledge of the sea and its creatures of his craft. Because  he was old and passes his life so knowledge and he is brave, confidence, cheerful and optimistic person. He was a resourceful person. Santiago said that:,

                                " A mirror or contrast image of Hemingway's

                        Biography".

                                Simple, but deeply meaningful story old man's struggle for survival Santiago who have all good and bad experience of life. He fight against nature. The novel suggests that it is possible to transcend this natural law. Death is the unavoidable force in to novella, kind of open-ended.

                                He is regarded as a has been because he has go 84 days journey and after 84 days coming without fish but he is not accept defeat . Hemingway's loneliness is  apparent in Santiago's characterization and external conflict. Hemingway was an expert at deep sea fishing and had own several prizes in various competitions.

                                The Background in the Old Man And The sea is divided from real life Cuban fishing villages near the Gulf stream. The subject of the luckiness old man who caught a giant fish also came from personal experience.

SANTIAGO;

                                "Everyday is new Day"

                                Santiago never accept defeat but was "hope" is chief thing. Hemingway description to words nature life giver and life taker old man's struggle is repetitive same in Hemingway life. Struggle is ultimately futile.

                                Hemingway's hated of women is also apparent in this story. because of Hemingway's native experience to women, most of the reference to females in The Old Man And The Sea, are negative. Hemingway exalts males further  deprecates females. He believed that women luck self control, and they are deceptive.

                                 Santiago represents a noble and tragic individualism revealing what man can do in an indifferent universe which defeats him, and the love he can feel for such a universe ad his humanity before it Hemingway  has been increasingly concerned with the relationship between individualism and inter dependence.

                                The old man and The Sea is manifestation of Hemingway's life and experience. so that  is Hemingway written "The Old Man And The Sea" 's character The Old Man.

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